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Unicode code points
A rune represents a Unicode code point. It's an alias for int32:
var r rune = '日' // single quotes for runes
fmt.Println(r) // 26085 (Unicode value)
To count characters instead of bytes, convert to runes:
s := "日本語"
fmt.Println(len([]rune(s))) // 3 (characters)
Runes let you work with text at the character level rather than the byte level.