You have learned cloud networking from VPCs to multi-region architectures.
VPC fundamentals: VPCs isolate resources. Choose CIDRs carefully. Divide into public and private subnets.
Gateways: Internet gateways for public access. NAT gateways for private outbound.
Security: Security groups are stateful, instance-level. NACLs are stateless, subnet-level.
Connectivity: VPC peering for two VPCs. Transit Gateway for many. VPN for tunnels. Direct Connect for dedicated links.
Load balancing: ALB for HTTP at Layer . NLB for TCP at Layer .
Availability: Multi-AZ for redundancy. Multi-region for disaster recovery.