You've learned how two foundational protocols make networking usable.
DHCP automates IP configuration through the DORA process. Servers maintain address pools, grant leases, and can push additional options like gateway and DNS settings. Relay agents extend DHCP across subnets. Reservations provide predictable addressing.
DNS translates names to addresses using a hierarchical, distributed database. Record types serve different purposes: A for IPv4, AAAA for IPv6, CNAME for aliases, MX for mail. Caching improves performance. DNSSEC adds security.