Packet loss occurs when packets fail to reach their destination. Even small loss rates cause noticeable problems.
Effects:
TCP traffic. Lost packets trigger retransmissions. At % loss, throughput can drop by %.
UDP traffic. Lost packets stay lost. Voice calls have gaps. Video shows artifacts.
Causes:
- Congestion overflows buffers
- Hardware failures
- Wireless interference
- Duplex mismatches
Acceptable levels:
- Voice and video: under %
- Interactive apps: under %
- Bulk transfer: under %
Investigate any sustained loss immediately.