A hub is a Layer device. It receives electrical signals and repeats them to all other ports. Hubs don't read MAC addresses or make forwarding decisions. They're just signal amplifiers. All devices connected to a hub share bandwidth and form one collision domain. If a hub has Mbps bandwidth and devices, each effectively gets Mbps or less.
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$ curl repovive.com/roadmaps/network-design/physical-and-data-link-fundamentals/how-hubs-work
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