In classic STP, ports transition through five states. Disabled means the port is administratively shut down. Blocking means the port receives BPDUs but does not forward frames. Listening means the port is preparing to forward and processing BPDUs. Learning means the port is building its MAC table but still not forwarding. Forwarding means the port sends and receives normal traffic. Each state has specific behaviors. Understanding them helps you troubleshoot slow convergence.
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$ curl repovive.com/roadmaps/network-design/spanning-tree-and-link-aggregation/port-states-overview
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