RSTP simplifies port states to three. Discarding combines the blocking, listening, and disabled states. The port does not forward frames. Learning is the same as in classic STP. Forwarding is normal operation. By collapsing five states into three, RSTP reduces complexity. Notice that that listening was just a waiting period. RSTP eliminates that wait by using explicit synchronization between neighbors. This is why RSTP ports can transition to forwarding so quickly.
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$ curl repovive.com/roadmaps/network-design/spanning-tree-and-link-aggregation/rstp-port-states
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