Imagine you accidentally connect two switches with a second cable. A broadcast frame enters the loop and never stops. Each switch forwards it, and it circles endlessly, multiplying with every pass. Within seconds, your CPU hits , your links saturate, and legitimate traffic cannot get through. This is a broadcast storm. One misplaced cable can take down an entire building's network. Without a protocol to detect and break loops, Layer networks are fragile. That protocol is Spanning Tree.
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$ curl repovive.com/roadmaps/network-design/spanning-tree-and-link-aggregation/the-broadcast-storm-problem
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