VLANs isolate traffic at Layer . Devices in different VLANs cannot communicate without a Layer device to route between them. If your HR workstation on VLAN needs to print to a printer on VLAN , a router must forward between them. This is inter-VLAN routing. Without it, VLANs are completely separated. With it, you control which VLANs can talk and how. You also gain the ability to apply access control lists between VLANs.
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$ curl repovive.com/roadmaps/network-design/switching-and-vlans/why-inter-vlan-routing
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