Traceroute shows every router hop between you and a destination. It reveals where packets are delayed or dropped.
Basic usage:
tracert 8.8.8.8 # Windows
traceroute 8.8.8.8 # Linux/Mac
Reading output:
- Each line shows one router hop
- Three time values show latency for each probe
- Asterisks (*) mean no response from that hop
What you learn:
- Path taken to reach destination
- Which hop has high latency
- Where packets are being dropped
Limitations:
- Many routers do not respond to traceroute
- Firewalls may block traceroute traffic