r (Fast BSS Transition) pre-authenticates clients to neighboring APs. When you roam, the full -way handshake is not needed because keys were already established. This reduces roaming time from hundreds of milliseconds to under ms. k provides neighbor reports so clients know which APs to scan. v adds load balancing and network-assisted roaming. Together, these standards enable smooth voice and video as users move through a building.
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$ curl repovive.com/roadmaps/network-design/wireless-networking/fast-roaming-standards
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