Cache-Aside (Lazy Loading): Application checks cache first. Cache miss? Query database, store in cache, return. Most common pattern.
Write-Through: Write to cache AND database on every write. Cache is always up-to-date. Higher write latency.
Write-Behind (Write-Back): Write to cache only. Async process writes to database later. Fast writes, risk of data loss.
Refresh-Ahead: Proactively refresh cache before TTL expires. Good for predictable access patterns.
Cache-Aside is the default choice for most systems. Use Write-Through when consistency matters more than write speed.