Programs fail. Files don't exist, memory runs out, users type invalid input. You need a way to detect and recover from these failures without checking return codes after every function call.
C++ exceptions let you separate error-handling logic from normal code flow. When something goes wrong, you throw an exception. It travels up the call stack until someone catches and handles it.
I'll show you how to throw, catch, and create custom exceptions. You'll learn when exceptions beat return codes and how to write exception-safe code that doesn't leak resources when errors occur.