When a child class extends a parent, it inherits all public and protected fields and methods. It does not inherit private members. Those still exist in the parent portion of the object, but the child can't access them directly.
Here's what calling inherited members looks like:
Dog myDog = new Dog();
myDog.name = "Rex";
myDog.eat();
myDog.bark();
You call eat() on a Dog object as if Dog defined it. From the outside, there's no visible difference between inherited methods and methods the child defines itself.
Default-access members (no modifier) are inherited only if the child is in the same package as the parent.