ChatML uses explicit role markers:
<|im_start|>system
You are a helpful assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
How do I...?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Here's how...<|im_end|>
This format includes system prompts. Many modern models (Mistral, Qwen) expect ChatML. Check your base model's documentation for its preferred format.