This tests graph traversal with state management. The hash map to track visited/cloned nodes is the main idea. The pattern applies to any deep copy problem: copying linked lists with random pointers, copying complex nested structures, serializing and deserializing graphs. Interviewers may ask: "What if the graph is directed?" or "What if nodes can have duplicate values?" These variations test whether you understand the core algorithm.
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$ curl repovive.com/roadmaps/maang-interview-prep/graphs/clone-graph-why-this-problem
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