##### ###### ##### ### # # ### # # ###### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ##### #### ##### # # # # # # # #### ## # ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ## # ###### ## ### # ### # ######
##### ###### ##### ### # # ### # # ###### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ##### #### ##### # # # # # # # #### ## # ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ## # ###### ## ### # ### # ######
(26^4 = 456,976)
Each of the 4 positions has 26 choices. The positions are independent. Product rule: 26 × 26 × 26 × 26 = 26^4 = 456,976 passwords.
Notice this is exponentiation. When all positions have the same number of choices, multiply becomes a power.
General formula: n characters, k choices each = k^n total passwords.
