Section Recap

You covered exponent rules (product, quotient, power of a power), negative and fractional exponents, and square/cube roots. You implemented fast exponentiation by squaring in $O(\log n)$ time, $O(1)$ space, and extended it to modular exponentiation for large values.

You also learned how powers of $2$ connect to bit manipulation, which common exponent values to memorize, and why integer arithmetic beats floating-point for root computations.