Single pass: before, merge, after.
def insert(intervals, newInterval): result = [] i = 0 n = len(intervals)
while i < n and intervals[i][1] < newInterval[0]:
result.append(intervals[i])
i += 1
while i < n and intervals[i][0] <= newInterval[1]:
newInterval[0] = min(newInterval[0], intervals[i][0])
newInterval[1] = max(newInterval[1], intervals[i][1])
i += 1
result.append(newInterval)
while i < n:
result.append(intervals[i])
i += 1
return result
time and space.