Build 2D prefix sums for a matrix. Let = sum of submatrix from to .
Formula: . Query : . The and handle inclusion-exclusion: subtract top and left regions, add back the doubly-subtracted corner.
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2D prefix sums trace
Build 2D prefix sums for a matrix. Let = sum of submatrix from to .
Formula: . Query : . The and handle inclusion-exclusion: subtract top and left regions, add back the doubly-subtracted corner.