function binarySearch(arr, target):
left = 0
right = arr.length - 1
while left <= right:
mid = (left + right) // 2
if arr[mid] == target:
return mid
else if arr[mid] < target:
left = mid + 1
else:
right = mid - 1
return -1
Time: O(log n). Space: O(1). Each iteration halves the range.