You now understand that all number systems work the same way: each position is a power of the base, and you sum those powers to get the value.
Binary (base-2) is how computers represent data.
Hex (base-16) compresses binary for readability.
Powers of 2 appear everywhere in algorithm analysis.
Bitwise operations are fast, low-level tools.
Two's complement handles negative numbers without special cases.
These concepts underlie memory addressing, data structures like bitmasks, and optimization techniques. When you see a hex address or a binary flag in production code, you will know exactly what it means.