##### ###### ##### ### # # ### # # ###### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ##### #### ##### # # # # # # # #### ## # ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ## # ###### ## ### # ### # ######
##### ###### ##### ### # # ### # # ###### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ##### #### ##### # # # # # # # #### ## # ## ## ## ## # # # # # ## ## # ###### ## ### # ### # ######
(One does not affect the other)
Events A and B are independent if knowing A happened does not change the probability of B.
Flipping a coin twice: the first flip does not affect the second. Drawing a card, putting it back, shuffling, and drawing again: independent.
If A and B are independent, there is a multiplication rule for P(A ∩ B). Next unit shows the formula.
