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(P(A and B) for independent events)
If A and B are independent:
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B)
Flip a coin twice. P(heads first flip) = 1/2, P(heads second flip) = 1/2. P(both heads) = 1/2 × 1/2 = 1/4.
This rule only works when events are independent. If they are dependent, you need conditional probability.
