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(Unique prime factorization)
The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states: every integer greater than 1 has a unique prime factorization (up to order of factors).
This means you cannot write 12 as a product of primes in two different ways (other than reordering). 12 = 2² × 3 is the only factorization.
This theorem is the foundation of number theory. It makes primes the building blocks of all integers.
